Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

What are nail folds?

1. Epidermal skin folds surrounding the nail plate

2. Soft tissue adjacent to the nail plate

3. Layer interlocking with the nail plate

4. Area of growth for the nail plate

The correct answer is: Epidermal skin folds surrounding the nail plate

Nail folds refer specifically to the epidermal skin folds that surround the nail plate. This structure is important as it helps protect the nail matrix, which is the area where the nail grows and is formed. The nail folds consist of the proximal nail fold at the base of the nail, as well as the lateral nail folds on the sides, both of which encase and support the nail plate itself. These folds play a significant role in maintaining the integrity and health of the nails, preventing pathogens from entering while allowing for a functional, aesthetic appearance. The choice related to soft tissue adjacent to the nail plate is more accurately described as the perionychium, which encompasses the areas around the nail not directly involved in the epidermal folds. The option stating a layer interlocking with the nail plate refers to the thin layer of skin that may be found at the nail bed but does not define the anatomical makeup of the nail folds. Lastly, the area of growth for the nail plate is attributed to the nail matrix rather than the nail folds, as the matrix is the specific region under the proximal nail fold where nail keratinocytes proliferate to form new nail cells.