Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

What causes wrinkles in older skin?

1. Decrease in hydration levels

2. Thinness and collagen shrinkage

3. Reduction of skin surface area

4. Increase in melanin production

The correct answer is: Thinness and collagen shrinkage

The presence of wrinkles in older skin can predominantly be attributed to thinness and collagen shrinkage. As people age, the skin undergoes a natural aging process, which includes a reduction in the production of collagen, a vital protein that provides structure and elasticity to the skin. This decrease in collagen leads to the skin becoming thinner and less resilient, which contributes significantly to the formation of wrinkles. Thin skin is more susceptible to damage from environmental factors, such as UV radiation and pollution, which can further accelerate the aging process. Additionally, the loss of elasticity that accompanies collagen shrinkage means that the skin is less able to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed, leading to the characteristic lines and folds we see as wrinkles. Hydration levels, while important for skin appearance, are not the primary cause of wrinkling. A decrease in skin surface area and an increase in melanin production pertain more to pigmentation changes and overall skin health rather than directly causing wrinkles. Therefore, the indication that thinness and collagen shrinkage are responsible for the development of wrinkles in older skin accurately reflects the fundamental biological changes that take place with aging.