Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

What characterizes a callus?

1. Swelling in the toes

2. Skin lesions caused by friction on the sides of the feet

3. Hyperkeratotic lesions usually found on the plantar surface of the foot

4. Painful growths on the toes

The correct answer is: Hyperkeratotic lesions usually found on the plantar surface of the foot

A callus is characterized as a hyperkeratotic lesion usually found on the plantar surface of the foot. This condition occurs as a response to repeated friction and pressure, leading to thickened areas of skin that serve to protect the underlying tissue. The hyperkeratosis is the result of an increase in the production of keratin, which forms a hard layer over the skin. Calluses are not typically associated with swelling or painful growths like corns might be, nor are they commonly located on the sides of the feet as described in some other options. Instead, they predominantly develop on weight-bearing areas, such as the soles of the feet and the heel, where the skin is subjected to constant pressure. Thus, option C accurately describes the essential features of a callus, highlighting its location and nature as a protective, thickened skin area.