Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

What is a common complication that can arise from fistulas?

1. Constipation

2. Malnutrition

3. Increased appetite

4. Dehydration

The correct answer is: Malnutrition

Fistulas can lead to malnutrition, primarily due to their impact on nutrient absorption and gastrointestinal function. A fistula, which is an abnormal connection between two body parts, can disrupt the normal flow of digested food and waste, making it challenging for the body to absorb nutrients effectively. Depending on the location and type of fistula, patients may experience diarrhea or leakage of intestinal fluids, which can result in significant nutrient loss. Moreover, the presence of a fistula can cause a patient to experience increased metabolic demands due to ongoing inflammation or infection, further exacerbating the risk of malnutrition. Patients may also have difficulty eating adequately if they experience pain or discomfort due to the fistula. While constipation, increased appetite, and dehydration may occur in various clinical situations, they are not direct complications specifically associated with fistulas in the same manner that malnutrition is. Dehydration could be a consequence of severe diarrhea linked to some fistulas, but it is not as universally relevant as malnutrition, making malnutrition the most fitting answer in this context.