Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

What materials are essential for ECM formation?

1. Only proteins

2. Protein, calories, and hydration

3. Protein, calories, ascorbic acid, zinc, iron, copper, O2

4. Only vitamins and minerals

The correct answer is: Protein, calories, ascorbic acid, zinc, iron, copper, O2

The formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex biological process that requires various nutrients and materials to support cellular function and tissue repair. The correct choice emphasizes the comprehensive list of essential components. In detail, proteins play a pivotal role in ECM formation, as they provide the structural framework and also serve as signaling molecules that help regulate cellular functions. Additionally, adequate caloric intake is important as it supplies the energy necessary for cellular metabolism and the formation of new tissues. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is crucial for collagen synthesis, contributing to the stability and structure of the ECM. Zinc is vital for numerous enzymatic processes, including those involved in DNA synthesis and repair, which are essential for cellular proliferation and ECM integrity. Other trace metals such as iron and copper also support various enzymatic functions necessary for the formation and remodeling of the ECM. Moreover, oxygen (O2) is necessary for cellular respiration, which provides the energy needed for all cellular activities, including ECM production. Together, these components create an optimal environment for cells to thrive and for the ECM to form and maintain its function. In contrast, the other choices either omit critical elements or limit the scope of necessary materials. For instance, a focus solely on proteins, or only