Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCN) Practice Exam

Which method is effective in mitigating extravasation in an infant?

1. Application of corticosteroids

2. Administration of hyaluronidase

3. Using ice packs

4. Increased fluid intake

The correct answer is: Administration of hyaluronidase

The administration of hyaluronidase is effective in mitigating extravasation in an infant because hyaluronidase is an enzyme that facilitates the dispersion and absorption of injected fluids that have extravasated into the surrounding tissue. When an intravenous (IV) line starts to leak fluid into the subcutaneous tissue rather than directly into the bloodstream, it can cause local swelling, pain, and tissue damage. Hyaluronidase acts by breaking down hyaluronic acid within the tissue, which increases the permeability of the extracellular matrix and allows the extravasated fluid to be reabsorbed more quickly. In contrast, the application of corticosteroids is intended to reduce inflammation but does not specifically address the issue of fluid accumulation due to extravasation. Using ice packs can help manage swelling or discomfort, but does not actively resolve the extravasated fluid itself. Increased fluid intake can be beneficial for hydration but does not have a direct impact on reducing the effects of extravasation. Hence, the use of hyaluronidase is particularly targeted and effective in addressing the complications arising from extravasation in infants.